Before I post anything else I want to make it clear that I am NOT excusing my WH's behavior and choices to lie, cheat, and basically steal portions of my life from me with science. He DOES know right from wrong. However he also has a HORRIBLE time with empathy (which he admitted a long time ago pre-A and seemed genuinely concerned about - about his inability to really be empathetic), which is what got me started on all of this. Also please don't use some of my general points to diagnose your WS from this stuff - that wasn't my intent.
My thought was how much work can someone who seems so broken actually do and what will it accomplish even if he tries? All of this was my way of figuring out if it was even worth it to try to stay with him.
It's complicated but in my humble opinion, very likely that there is something to all of it. What does it REALLY mean for those who are dealing with a true NPD diagnosis for example? It means that for once I wholeheartedly agree with the advice that says RUN away from them, as you aren't just fighting someone's choices, you're likely fighting their biology - and you're pretty much destined to lose that battle no matter what you do.
Wait, how does upbringing relate to chemical differences?
I know I can't post links that are not approved first and I don't want to send people down crazy rabbit-holes...I am a researcher (it's my personality and my job) so I am happy to dig through 60+ pages studies and read countless abstracts. The brain research is just beginning because we have so much better technology to study it, but if you're interested you can search for things terms like "narcissism" and "brain imaging" or "cognitive neuroscience" or just be prepared for very scientific reading which most people seem to find too dense and boring (I'm just weird).
I will use NPD and high-spectrum-narcissism as an example.
While there is not a large body of research on the neuroscience of NPD as it is really just beginning, there are consistencies pointing to abnormalities in certain brain areas, in particular the insular cortex, that are associated with features of NPD, especially lack of empathy. The easiest way to explain what the researchers are trying to establish (which is highly simplistic and not at all scientifically accurate) is like this:
There are current long term behavioral studies that are in progress showing that in childhood the brain's chemical make up changes as it is exposed to various situations in higher levels than in adulthood. Anxiety inducing external stimuli for example, cause faster brain chemistry changes and faster reactions in various areas of the brain at early childhood than later in life, and the brain is able to change back to "normal" once the stimuli is removed. This process is self-regulation...like when you get scared and your heart beats faster, and then you calm and return to a normal pace.
When children are more frequently subjected to various types of stimuli, the brain continually changes back and forth, self regulating. It is believed that with higher levels of stimuli or more frequent or even unpredictable occurrences, the insular cortex makeup can actually change permanently over time - to self-regulate and protect itself - to the point where in some individuals it does not ever "go back" to a normal state. The brain goes into self protection mode in a variety of ways, and it can actually cause a permanent change (some studies show there is a difference in thickness in the insular cortex in adults that are associated with features of NPD, especially lack of empathy that generally do not exist in very young children - note generally - there are some at-birth medical conditions that do have this feature).
Using fMRI to measure brain structural volume, a consistent structural deficit in the insular cortex was demonstrated in the NPD group. This region of the cerebral cortex was markedly reduced in thickness compared to the control group. The amount of empathy was directly correlated to the volume of gray matter in the insular region. Overall, patients with narcissism exhibited a significant reduction of gray matter in the insular cortex. This structural change is being studied now as it normally temporarily changes in response to certain stimuli - the idea is that eventually, with enough exposure, it can permanently change, especially in childhood when the brain is still developing rapidly.
For those who want to get a bit more scientific you can PM me and I will happily share some links.
If it's upbringing, why isn't everyone in the family a narcissist?
But how do you explain the people who were neglected, abused, hurt terribly, and yet they are not narcissists, they do not hurt others, and they don't cheat?
This is also interesting, but that's the thing about biology versus learned behavior. "We" don't come close to knowing or understanding. I mean I was alive during the massive earthquake in the 1990s in Los Angeles. A good friend and her sister were driving across a bridge that collapsed (my friend was 18 and her sister was 8) suffering minor injuries but totaling the car and being very frightened not just of the crash but also of the aftermath and craziness. My friend was scared at the time but recovered whereas her younger sister still can't drive a car over bridges and even when she's a passenger she starts hyperventilating and panicking and it's gotten worse as she's gotten older. Why?
My best guess is because everyone's brain doesn't work the same from the get go. Why can I ride the roller-coaster and find it great and my sister hates it, is petrified and usually throws up? Why does one person cry at a sad movie or when reading a sad story and another seems unaffected? Got me, but it's likely something neither person can control as it's biochemical.
Anyway, it's interesting stuff, and while on some level it makes me feel a bit of empathy for my WH for some of the things he struggles with NOW like his lack of TRUE empathy (he's not NPD but is high-spectrum-narc and I can see he is frustrated that he doesn't react the way I think he should - like he just doesn't get it) it also scares the shit out of me as it seems pretty hopeless.
[This message edited by ThisIsSoLonely at 9:47 AM, May 15th (Wednesday)]