Some various anecdotes and things I've learned from them:
Back in high school, I was taking this psych class, and we covered "the bystander effect". Less than a week later, I was taking the bus to my dad's in the evening, and three teenagers and an adult got into a verbal, quickly escalating fight. Among other things, the adult had called the teens the N-word. When my stop came, I got off, and the girl of the trio got off too, but the two boys stayed on to fight with the adult. The bystander effect was weighing pretty heavy on my mind, so I got back on - at that point, the bus driver, who was like 4'10" at most, was standing with his arms out between the youth and the adult, who were all above 6'. I yelled, "Violence is not the answer!" (only thing I could think of, and it sounds corny as hell), and was scared, but believe it or not, the adult who was fighting jolted and turned to look at me to say (in a fairly normal voice) that's what the teens were doing. In that interim, the teens got off the bus, even though the confrontation continued verbally through the window, and the bus driver sped off as quickly as he could. What I learned: saying something loudly is sometimes enough to snap people out of whatever violent haze they've entered. Plus, that bus driver on his own wasn't able to stop it - having an extra person helped, I think.
This past Monday, I was leaving my H's SRO, and in front of me there were a bunch of people yelling, and a guy with a crate going towards an older woman in a chair and threatening to hit her with the crate. I thought I saw him bringing the crate down at her head, so I said, "do NOT hit her with that crate!" Just like the guy on the bus, he jolted, and then said he wasn't. At that point everyone else was yelling (and I heard a couple people saying that they thought I was going to call the police) so I waited for a moment to make sure there wasn't physical violence escalating, and then left. What I learned: in spite of how scary the guy looked (and this was in a scary neighborhood), he didn't escalate anymore once he was called out (at least in the next 3-5 minutes that I saw).
A different time: I was getting off the train in the early afternoon. There was a man yelling at another man in the street and trying to follow him and attack him, while the other man kept trying to walk away. People had stopped to stare, but there weren't many people around, and no one had tried to stop it. I yelled to stop fighting. The aggressor turned to look at me. Each time he turned back to the other guy, I yelled either to stop fighting or to leave him alone. He let the other guy go and walked down the street in my direction. When I saw the fight had stopped, I turned and walked away too. I spent the next block terrified that he was going to jump me from behind, but he didn't. What I learned: men need protecting too (I already knew this, but this cemented it for me - sorry, NTV, I won't be able to stand by. And in retrospect, my calling them out didn't escalate them nor prompt any comments on how me being a girl made the other guy look weak, because it didn't.).
A different time several months ago, there was a couple in an argument on the train. It could have just been an argument, except that she was telling him to leave her alone and calling out for help, saying he was abusing her, and he said, "Oh, I'm abusive, huh? I will emotionally abuse the fuck out of you..." and trying to grab at her. So she stormed off to another car, and he went to follow her. I called out to him to stop. He actually paused and turned to look at me, and the look he gave me scared me, but I repeated anyway, "Please stop." He kept on anyway. As soon as he had left, all the other people on the car (who were mostly a big group of college kids) started laughing; I'm guessing it was nervous laughter, but I don't really know, and the laughter honestly pissed me off at the time. The guy was making it out to be that she was overreacting - whatever the situation, him following after her seemed like a really bad idea. And the thing that really gets me is, if everyone on the train had stood up or said something, even if someone had backed me up only after I was the first person to say something, that probably would have helped to diffuse the situation even more.
Another time, a few years back... I was on a bus going home in the mid-afternoon, and a hysterical guy got on the bus yelling about people coming after him and coming to get him. He stumbled all the way to the back of the bus (the driver hadn't moved nor shut the doors since the man got on) - there was a seat empty next to me, and I just had this feeling... Turned out to be right. The guy threw himself halfway into the seat and pushed his head against my arm and kept babbling, like he was trying to hide something. He wasn't trying to attack me and didn't seem to be acting suggestively, so I figured he was scared and decided that not moving would probably keep him calmer. A little bit later, a couple of guys came forward and were trying to urge him to back away and "let this nice lady be" - at that point I wasn't scared anymore, but hearing them stick up for me like that meant a LOT to me. It meant I was no longer alone dealing with it and someone had acknowledged what was going on. A bit later, the police came on the bus and pulled him off of it, and someone asked if I was OK and how I managed to stay calm. What I learned: having someone say something and acknowledge the situation out loud made me feel a lot safer.
Another situation: I know I've told the story here before of the guy in my mental health program who forced himself on me and forced a kiss. I had been struggling but unable to get free. I learned later that there were witnesses. They saw me struggling (before I froze up in terror) but didn't help me. One told later on what he saw to Mr Silver, who I wasn't dating yet (which is part of how we began dating). But no one helped me. No one stepped in to make it stop. And then the counselors blamed me, and at one point the witness burst into the room and said, "I support you, Silver! You should go after the person you love!" or something to that effect. Before and after that point I felt alone, ashamed, tainted, and a whole other host of unpleasant feelings, but that one moment when he said something gave me a brief feeling of relief. What I learned: when you leave a person alone with their harassment or abuse, they feel weaker and like it's their fault, and it's easier to exploit their trauma to make them feel even worse. Also, in retrospect: when you're the one being attacked, you freeze up sometimes. It's very hard to get yourself out of a bad situation if you're frozen, which is a normal response to being afraid. A bystander probably feels a lot less fear than the person in the situation, and that convinces me that they're in a better position to say, "Stop!"
One more: sitting in the lobby of the therapy center. It was when Mr Silver and I were dating, and he was there with me. Another client tried to hand me a book, but I didn't want to take it. So he stood over me and tried to run his hands over my hands and face. I was terrified - especially because the last time someone invaded my space I'd fought back (different incident than any of the above) and had been punished for it. Luckily Mr Silver was there: he firmly kept removing the man's hands, even though the man kept putting them back on my face. Finally after a minute, the man gave up and left us alone. W hat I learned: Mr Silver kept his head when I couldn't, and he persistently defended me and kept me safe no matter how many times the other client continued to overstep. People will overstep persistently and will probably not accept the first "no" or sign that you don't want to be there, so you need to be every bit as persistent. Which can be hard if you're terrified.
There are so many more incidents I could recount, but I have to go. But my takeaway message is: step up. Say something. Defend yourself if you can, defend others if you can. It's possible.
Edited: just saw the mods' announcement and wanted to make sure I am being respectful.
[This message edited by silverhopes at 7:41 PM, April 5th (Friday)]